生菜的栽培管理

Cultivation and management of lettuce

1、科学施肥：生菜请求富含有机质、保水保肥力强的黏质壤土，生菜喜微酸性，土壤pH值5～7为宜。每消费1000公斤生菜，需吸收氮2.5公斤、磷1.2公斤、钾4.5公斤，其中结球生菜需钾更多。生长期需求氮、磷、钾肥配合运用。定植生菜的地块要深耕细作，定植前施足基肥，亩施腐熟农家肥3000～3500公斤，施后深翻，浇足底水，见干后作畦。

1. Scientific fertilization: lettuce requires a clay loam rich in organic matter, with strong water and soil fertility. Lettuce likes to be slightly acidic, and the soil pH value is 5-7. For every 1000 kg of lettuce consumed, it needs to absorb 2.5 kg of nitrogen, 1.2 kg of phosphorus and 4.5 kg of potassium, of which the lettuce needs more potassium. During the growth period, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are required to be used together. The plot for planting lettuce shall be deep ploughed and carefully cultivated. Before planting, sufficient base fertilizer shall be applied, and 3000-3500 kg of mature farmyard fertilizer shall be applied per mu. After application, the plot shall be turned over deeply, and enough bottom water shall be poured, and after drying, the plot shall be made.

2、仔细定植：定植前将苗床灌水，使苗坨潮湿，第二天起苗尽量多带土，减少根系损伤。定植时，先在畦面开沟，沟深4～6厘米，70厘米畦面栽3行，开沟后按每亩25公斤施入三元复合肥后灌水，水渗后按株距24厘米摆苗培土封沟，将畦面耙平，覆地膜，引苗出膜。

2. Careful planting: the seedbed shall be watered one day before the planting to make the seedling lump moist. The next day, the seedling shall be started with soil as much as possible to reduce root damage. When planting, the furrow should be cut on the border first, the depth of the furrow is 4-6cm, and the border of 70cm should be planted in three rows. After the furrow is opened, the ternary compound fertilizer should be applied according to 25kg per mu, and then the irrigation should be done. After the water seeps, the seedlings should be placed according to the plant spacing of 24cm to seal the furrow. The border should be raked flat, covered with plastic film, and the seedlings should be introduced out of the film.

3、植后管理：生菜喜湿，全生育期请求有充足水分供给。定植5～7天后浇1次缓苗水。浇缓苗水后没盖地膜的地块停止2次中耕松土除草。以后浇3～4次水，分离浇水分期追施氮、磷肥，亩施15～20公斤。采收前中止浇水，以利贮运。

3. Post planting management: lettuce likes to be wet, and it requires sufficient water supply during the whole growth period. After 5-7 days of planting, the seedlings were watered once. After the slow seeding water was poured, the plot without mulch was stopped for 2 times. After 3-4 times of watering, separate watering and apply nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer by stages, 15-20 kg per mu. Stop watering before harvest to facilitate storage and transportation.

4、病虫防治：生菜的主要病害有霜霉病、软腐病、病毒病及菌核病等，其中以菌核病及软腐病的危害较大，能够采取轮作，恰当减少栽植密度，浇水不要过多，经常浅锄划，坚持土壤外表枯燥，发现病株及时拔除，肃清枯叶集中烧毁，发病后可喷施农用链霉素和代森铵，在高温高湿时节每5～7天喷一次百菌清起到预防的目的。虫害主要有蚜虫、蓟马、地老虎等，用氧化乐果、速灭杀丁等防治。

4. Disease and insect control: the main diseases of lettuce include downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease and sclerotinia disease, among which sclerotinia disease and soft rot are more harmful. Rotation can be adopted, planting density can be properly reduced, watering should not be too much, shallow hoeing and rowing should be carried out frequently, the surface of soil should be dry, the diseased plants should be pulled out in time, dead leaves should be removed and burned intensively. After the disease, agricultural streptomycin and fungicide can be sprayed Spraying chlorothalonil once every 5-7 days in high temperature and high humidity can prevent the disease. Insect pests mainly include aphids, thrips, Tigris, etc., which are controlled by omethoate, fast killing Ding, etc.

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